verbs (2)

Fuji-yama by Yamashita Kiyoshi

verbs (2)

HOME　＞　Language　＞　Basic Japanese　＞　Verbs (2)

Part 3 I have an apple.

Now we look at translative verbs. " o" is the most typical sign of them. First we are going to learn 7 transitive verbs : "do" "write" "read" "hear/listen" "see/look at/watch" "eat (have)" and "drink". They are very important becasue they are basic words used every day. They can also be written in a " -masu " type.

**examples**
statement	Japanese	pronunciation
Keiko eats bread in the morning.	慶子さんは朝にパンを食べます。	Keiko-san wa asa ni pan o tabe-masu
Noboru drinks sake in the night.	登さんは晩に酒を飲みます。	Noboru-san wa ban ni sake o nom-imasu
Keiko watches TV every day.	慶子さんは毎日テレビを見ます。	Keiko-san wa mainichi terebi o mi-masu
Noboru listens to the CD tomorrow.	登さんは今晩CDを聞きます。	Noboru-san wa konban shiidii o kik-imasu
Keiko reads a newspaper in the evening.	慶子さんは晩に新聞を読みます。	Keiko-san wa ban ni shinbun o yom-imasu
Noboru writes a letter today.	登さんは今日手紙を書きます。	Noborusan wa kyoo tegami o kak-imasu
Keiko does the washiing on Monday.	慶子さんは月曜日に洗濯をします。	Keiko-san wa getuyoobi ni sentaku o shi-masu.

Note; Be careful about the position of the " o"s. Not all the objects are follwed by " o", but most of them are.

**PATTERN (21)**
・・・を・・・ます
< object > o < verb > ( i ) masu

***

（を）します

(o) shimasu

（を）書きます

(o) kak-imasu

（を）読みます

(o) yom-imasu

（を）聞きます

(o) kik-imasu

（を）見ます

(o) mi-masu

（を）飲みます

(o) nom-imasu

（を）食べます

(o) tabe-masu

Note: " (o) shi-masu " is the most versataile verb of all. It is hardly any exaggeration to say that you can make up any kinds of verbs using " (o) shi-masu ". In some cases, " o" can be dropped. Unfortunately, " shi-masu " is one of the most notorious irregular verbs.

Note : the negative form and the past tense of these translative verbs are the same as those of intranslative verbs.

**some verbs comprised of " -shimasu "**
verb	Japanese	pronunciation
study	勉強（を）します	benkyoo (o) shimasu
work	仕事（を）します	shigoto (o) shimasu
wash	洗濯（を）します	sentaku (o) shimasu
worry	心配（を）します	shinpai (o) shimasu
shop	買い物（を）します	kaimono (o) shimasu
dine	食事（を）します	shokuji (o) shimasu
have a walk	散歩（を）します	sanpo (o) shimasu
take an exercise	運動（を）します	undoo (o) shimasu
ski	スキーをします	sukii o shimasu
play succor	サッカーをします	sakkaa o shimasu

Let's practice using these words below.

**table 4**
words	Japanese	pronunciation
(steamed) rice	ごはん	gohan
beef steak	ビフテキ	bihuteki
(slices of) raw fish	刺身	sashimi
book	本	hon
report	レポート	repooto
music	音楽	ongaku
radio	ラジオ	rajio
movie	映画	eiga
juice	ジュース	juusu
cola	コーラ	koora
coffee	コーヒー	koohii
tea	紅茶	koocha
green tea	お茶	ocha

Part 4 What do you eat ?

When you want to ask someone what they eat, drink, see, hear, etc. you can start the question with " nani o ".

conversations	Japanese	pronunciation
What do you eat? I eat humberger..	何を食べますか。ハンバーガーを食べます。	nani o tabe-masuka hanbaagaa wo tabe-masu
What do you drink? I drink green tea.	何を飲みますか。お茶を飲みます。	nani o nom-imasuka ocha o nom-imasu
What do you see? I watch a movie.	何を見ますか。映画を見ます。	nani o mi-masuka eiga o mi-masu
What do you listen? I listen to the radio.	何を聞きますか。ラジオを聞きます。	nani o kik-imasuka rajio o kik-imasu
What do you do? I have a walk.	何をしますか。散歩をします。	nani o shimasuka sanpo o shimasu
What do you read? I read a newspaper.	何を読みますか。新聞を読みます。	nani o yom-imasuka shinbun o yom-imasu
What do you write? I write a letter.	何を書きますか。手紙を書きます。	nani o kak-imasuka tegami o kak-imasu

Note; " nani o " is an object of a verb in these questions. It is usually put at the top of a sentence.

**PATTERN (22)**
何を・・・ますか
nani o < a " masu " type verb > ka

Note; Between "nani o" and "ka" come various types of verb. I'll tell you about it later.

Part 5 I watch TV at home.

There are various kinds of adverbial phrases indicating places. Look at the examples below. All the place names follow " de ".

**examples**
statement	Japanese	pronunciation
I watch TV at home.	家でテレビを見ます。	uchi de terebi o mi-masu
I drink coffee at the office	会社でコーヒーを飲みます。	kaisha de koohii o nom-imasu
I have lunch at a restaurant.	レストランで昼食を食べます。	resutoran de chuushoku o tabe-masu
I read books at school.	学校で本を読みます。	gakkoo de hon o yom-imasu
I do the shopping at a supermarket.	スーパーで買い物をします。	suupaa de kaimono o shimasu

Note; Unlike " ni " , which is used to indicate time, " de " cannot be omittled.

Note ; " uchi " is also pronounced as " ie ". " uchi " makes you more comfortable than " ie ".

**PATTERN (23)**
・・・で・・・ます
<the place> de < a " masu " type verb >

Let's practice using these words below.

**table 5**
place names	Japanese	pronunciation
at the hospital	病院（で）	byooin de
at the convenience store	コンビニ（で）	konbini de
at the station	駅（で）	eki de
at the bus stop	バス停（で）	basutei de
at the post office	郵便局（で）	yuubinkyoku de
in the amusing park	遊園地（で）	yuuenchi de
in the movie theater	映画館（で）	eigakan de
in the game arcade	ゲームセンター（で）	geemu sentaa de
at the airport	空港（で）	kuukoo de
in the library	図書館（で）	toshokan de

Part 6 Where do you have lunch ?

If you want to make a question about a place, " doko de " is used.

**examples**
conversation	Japanese	pronunciation
Where do you have lunch? I have lunch at the office.	どこで昼食を食べますか。会社で昼食を食べます。／会社です。	doko de chuushoku o tabe-masuka kaisha de chuushoku o tabe-masu / kaisha desu
Where do you read books? I read books at the library.	どこで本を読みますか。図書館で本を読みます。／図書館です。	doko de hon o yom-imasuka toshokan de hon o yom-imasu / toshokan desu

Note; As you have already learned, simply sying " ...desu " is very covenient, and sounds far more natural.

**PATTERN (24)**
どこで・・・か
doko de< a " masu " type > ka

Part 7 what and where

As we have learned, by using " nani o" and " doko de ", we can make various questions. Let's practice by trying to make consecutive questions.

**examples**
statement	Japanese	pronunciation
What do you do ? I watch a movie.	何をしますか。映画を見ます。	nani o shimasuka eiga o mi-masu
Where do you watch a movie ? I watch one in Shibuya.	どこで映画を見ますか。渋谷で映画を見ます。／渋谷です。	doko de eiga o mi-masuka shibuya de eiga o mi-masu / shibuya desu

Note; As I have already noted, the present tense form in the Japanese language includes the future tense.

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