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共通構造・省略・強調・倒置・同格・挿入

共通構造

A ( B + C ) タイプ
主語+(動詞+動詞)、動詞+(副詞+副詞)、先行詞+(関係詞節+関係詞節)
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(B + C) A タイプ
(動詞+動詞)+目的語、(形容詞+形容詞)+名詞、(助動詞+助動詞)+動詞

省略

関係代名詞 関係代名詞 関係代名詞
目的格 後ろに挿入のSVを伴う主格 there 構文を含む主格
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接続詞 that 名詞 原形
他動詞のあと 所有格アポストロフィーSのあと 不定詞 to のあと
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主動詞 S + be 否定文 being
SOに挟まれている場合 while, though, when などのあと notだけ残す 分詞構文において、後ろに形容詞(句)やed形があるとき

強調

Vの強調 強調構文
S + do/does/did + 動詞の原形 it is/was +S/O/副詞+ that/which/who +残り
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名詞の強調 修辞疑問
th-/所有格+ very +名詞+関係代名詞・前置詞など 否定疑問・肯定疑問

倒置

疑問文タイプ 副詞句タイプ
BE + S / Do + S + 原形 場所の副詞句+ be + S
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目的語タイプ 補語タイプ 単純倒置
O+S+V の語順 補語+ be + S V + S

同格

名詞の並列 名詞+that 節 名詞+ to 不定詞
しばしばコンマで挟む 約40個 約50個(形容詞句参照)

同格 that 節をとる名詞

advantage agreement anxiety argument belief condition
利点 合意 不安 議論 信念 条件
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confidence effect evidence fact feeling guarantee
自信 影響 証拠 事実 気持ち 保証
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order point question realization result sign
命令・秩序 要点 疑問 認識 結果
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truth way impression knowledge opinion guess idea
真実 方法 印象 知識 意見 推測 考え

挿入

文頭 SV間 VO間 文尾 be と補語の間

ドリル1(共通構造) (解答)

次の文でカッコでくくった部分を共有する2組の語句を指摘せよ

  1. Someone { poisoned } the king and then the queen.
  2. She was an attractive, and at the same time quick witted { lady }.
  3. He and his brother { ran } for the election.
  4. They adopted and took good care of, { the child }.
  5. Please { speak } clearly, but not slowly.
  6. She can and will do { the job }.
  7. { Ghosts } can neither be seen nor heard.
  8. The basket was { full } of apples and also of various kinds of vegetables.
  9. They are not looking for or into { the problem }.
  10. I want to sell { the book } which they recommended me to buy, but which I didn't find so instructive.

ドリル2(省略) (解答)

次の文で省略可能な部分はどれか、カッコで囲みなさい

  1. I know a painter whom you asked to paint your portrait.
  2. She had to face the danger that there was when she walked along the street.
  3. The man who I thought was an able salesman turned out to be a swindler.
  4. I know that this is the most difficult problem.
  5. She was so glad that tears ran down her cheek.
  6. I'll take Mary's umbrella with me. You can take Susan's umbrella.
  7. You don't have to write to her if you don't want to write to her.
  8. I wish I had taken his advice. If I had taken his advice, I wouldn't be in this plight now.
  9. She was mugged while she was walking along the 52nd street.
  10. It is protected from touch, but it is not protected from words.

ドリル3(強調) (解答)

次のカッコ内を何らかの方法で強調せよ

  1. He { took } the wallet; he didn't borrow it from me!
  2. { Mary } went there to take care of him. Rucy didn't.
  3. I wanted to know { these secrets }. I already knew those secrets.
  4. She said she would see him { in the following day }. But she saw him today.
  5. They met the accident { when they dived in the Palau }. They didn't meet the accident in Tokyo.
  6. Did you find it? Yes, that is { the camera } I left in the train.
  7. { He } should go there. Why should I go there?
  8. Nobody { knows } it.
  9. Everybody { knows } it.

ドリル4(倒置) (解答)

次の文を指示に従って書き換えよ

  1. The cure for cancer will be possible if enough money is supplied.(疑問文に)
  2. The grand panorama of Hong Kong can be seen from the top of Mt.Victoria.(疑問文に)
  3. The discovery of America should have been made earlier.(疑問文に)
  4. Smoking in a small room does much harm to your roommate.(疑問文に)
  5. They have never seen such a large statue.( Never を文頭に)
  6. I have lunch only when I feel very hungry.(only を文頭に)
  7. "I would like to visit the museum." "I would, too."(後半の文を So を文頭にして)
  8. She doesn't like to watch TV and doesn't want to go to the movies, either.(後半の文を Nor を文頭にして)
  9. I hope the celebration will be a success.( May を文頭にして)
  10. If I should go with her, I will take her to the acquarium.( if を消去して)
  11. The valley we stayed for 10 days in spite of the rain was beautiful.( C を文頭に)
  12. The old man was in the dark cave of ancient dwellers which was found 10 years ago.(副詞相当部分を文頭に)
  13. We need that particular piece of information.( O を文頭に)
  14. Mary said that she couldn't remember where she had put the file.(直接話法で Mary は文尾に)

ドリル5(同格) (解答)

次の文のうち、ある名詞を形容詞以外で説明している部分をカッコで選び出せ

  1. George, the king of England, died young.
  2. The idea occurred to me that I would wait for her at the station.
  3. We are expecting Betty tonight, one of our friends.
  4. He lacks an ability to get things done perfectly.
  5. He left to me the question whether we should fire them or not.
  6. We students are always looking for some part-time job or other.
  7. She is studying zoology, that is, a science of animals.
  8. Can you believe the fact of her marrying a millionaire?
  9. She gave up her seat to the old man --- a kind act.

ドリル6(挿入) (解答)

次の文の中で挿入及び、追加部分にカッコをせよ

  1. He has, I believe, two daughters.
  2. I know a girl who they think is a genius.
  3. What did he think she had in her pocket?
  4. We can't, admittedly, afford to pay the money.
  5. They are, after all, hypocrites.
  6. She is, frankly speaking, a shy girl.
  7. The campers, when evening came, made a bonfire.
  8. The assassination of the president, which was true, was not at first believed among the nation.
  9. He failed in the examination and what made matters worse, he had his money stolen on his way home.

ドリル7(挿入) (解答)

次の文の中で挿入的な句をカッコで他の部分と区分けせよ

  1. Please look carefully at the insect.
  2. They often eat meat, but I rarely do so.
  3. She is always finding fault with me.
  4. Ignore, for the moment, the question of who is guilty and who is innocent.
  5. The apples are for the most part rotten.
  6. The message is only for you.
  7. They became friends just after they met in Kyoto.
  8. You should avoid gladly accepting the money.
  9. The government wants the consumers to solely depend on imported food.
  10. She has long since been waiting for him.

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