Part 3 I have an apple.
Now we look at translative verbs. " o" is the most typical sign of them. First we are going to learn 7
transitive verbs : "do" "write" "read" "hear/listen"
"see/look at/watch" "eat (have)" and "drink".
They are very important becasue they are basic words used every day. They
can also be written in a " -masu " type.
examples
statement |
Japanese |
pronunciation |
Keiko eats bread in the morning. |
慶子さんは朝にパンを食べます。 |
Keiko-san wa asa ni pan o tabe-masu |
Noboru drinks sake in the night. |
登さんは晩に酒を飲みます。 |
Noboru-san wa ban ni sake o nom-imasu |
Keiko watches TV every day. |
慶子さんは毎日テレビを見ます。 |
Keiko-san wa mainichi terebi o mi-masu |
Noboru listens to the CD tomorrow. |
登さんは今晩CDを聞きます。 |
Noboru-san wa konban shiidii o kik-imasu |
Keiko reads a newspaper in the evening. |
慶子さんは晩に新聞を読みます。 |
Keiko-san wa ban ni shinbun o yom-imasu |
Noboru writes a letter today. |
登さんは今日手紙を書きます。 |
Noborusan wa kyoo tegami o kak-imasu |
Keiko does the washiing on Monday. |
慶子さんは月曜日に洗濯をします。 |
Keiko-san wa getuyoobi ni sentaku o shi-masu. |
Note; Be careful about the position of the " o"s. Not all the objects are follwed by " o", but most of
them are.
PATTERN (21)
・・・を・・・ます |
< object > o < verb > ( i ) masu |
***
(を)します |
(o) shimasu |
(を)書きます |
(o) kak-imasu |
(を)読みます |
(o) yom-imasu |
(を)聞きます |
(o) kik-imasu |
(を)見ます |
(o) mi-masu |
(を)飲みます |
(o) nom-imasu |
(を)食べます |
(o) tabe-masu |
Note: " (o) shi-masu " is the most versataile verb of all. It is hardly any exaggeration
to say that you can make up any kinds of verbs using " (o) shi-masu
". In some cases, " o" can be dropped. Unfortunately, "
shi-masu " is one of the most notorious irregular verbs.
Note : the negative form and the past tense of these translative verbs are
the same as those of intranslative verbs.
some verbs comprised of " -shimasu "
verb |
Japanese |
pronunciation |
study |
勉強(を)します |
benkyoo (o) shimasu |
work |
仕事(を)します |
shigoto (o) shimasu |
wash |
洗濯(を)します |
sentaku (o) shimasu |
worry |
心配(を)します |
shinpai (o) shimasu |
shop |
買い物(を)します |
kaimono (o) shimasu |
dine |
食事(を)します |
shokuji (o) shimasu |
have a walk |
散歩(を)します |
sanpo (o) shimasu |
take an exercise |
運動(を)します |
undoo (o) shimasu |
ski |
スキーをします |
sukii o shimasu |
play succor |
サッカーをします |
sakkaa o shimasu |
Let's practice using these words below.
table 4
words |
Japanese |
pronunciation |
(steamed) rice |
ごはん |
gohan |
beef steak |
ビフテキ |
bihuteki |
(slices of) raw fish |
刺身 |
sashimi |
book |
本 |
hon |
report |
レポート |
repooto |
music |
音楽 |
ongaku |
radio |
ラジオ |
rajio |
movie |
映画 |
eiga |
juice |
ジュース |
juusu |
cola |
コーラ |
koora |
coffee |
コーヒー |
koohii |
tea |
紅茶 |
koocha |
green tea |
お茶 |
ocha |
_
Part 4 What do you eat ?
When you want to ask someone what they eat, drink, see, hear, etc. you
can start the question with " nani o ".
conversations |
Japanese |
pronunciation |
What do you eat?
I eat humberger..
|
何を食べますか。
ハンバーガーを食べます。
|
nani o tabe-masuka
hanbaagaa wo tabe-masu
|
What do you drink?
I drink green tea.
|
何を飲みますか。
お茶を飲みます。
|
nani o nom-imasuka
ocha o nom-imasu
|
What do you see?
I watch a movie.
|
何を見ますか。
映画を見ます。
|
nani o mi-masuka
eiga o mi-masu
|
What do you listen?
I listen to the radio.
|
何を聞きますか。
ラジオを聞きます。
|
nani o kik-imasuka
rajio o kik-imasu
|
What do you do?
I have a walk.
|
何をしますか。
散歩をします。
|
nani o shimasuka
sanpo o shimasu
|
What do you read?
I read a newspaper.
|
何を読みますか。
新聞を読みます。
|
nani o yom-imasuka
shinbun o yom-imasu
|
What do you write?
I write a letter.
|
何を書きますか。
手紙を書きます。
|
nani o kak-imasuka
tegami o kak-imasu
|
Note; " nani o " is an object of a verb in these questions. It is
usually put at the top of a sentence.
PATTERN (22)
何を・・・ますか |
nani o < a " masu " type verb > ka |
Note; Between "nani o" and "ka" come various types of verb.
I'll tell you about it later.
_
Part 5 I watch TV at home.
There are various kinds of adverbial phrases indicating places. Look at
the examples below. All the place names follow " de ".
examples
statement |
Japanese |
pronunciation |
I watch TV at home. |
家でテレビを見ます。 |
uchi de terebi o mi-masu |
I drink coffee at the office |
会社でコーヒーを飲みます。 |
kaisha de koohii o nom-imasu |
I have lunch at a restaurant. |
レストランで昼食を食べます。 |
resutoran de chuushoku o tabe-masu |
I read books at school. |
学校で本を読みます。 |
gakkoo de hon o yom-imasu |
I do the shopping at a supermarket. |
スーパーで買い物をします。 |
suupaa de kaimono o shimasu |
Note; Unlike " ni " , which is used to indicate time, " de " cannot be omittled.
Note ; " uchi " is also pronounced as " ie ". " uchi " makes you more comfortable than " ie ".
PATTERN (23)
・・・で・・・ます |
<the place> de < a " masu " type verb > |
Let's practice using these words below.
table 5
place names |
Japanese |
pronunciation |
at the hospital |
病院(で) |
byooin de |
at the convenience store |
コンビニ(で) |
konbini de |
at the station |
駅(で) |
eki de |
at the bus stop |
バス停(で) |
basutei de |
at the post office |
郵便局(で) |
yuubinkyoku de |
in the amusing park |
遊園地(で) |
yuuenchi de |
in the movie theater |
映画館(で) |
eigakan de |
in the game arcade |
ゲームセンター(で) |
geemu sentaa de |
at the airport |
空港(で) |
kuukoo de |
in the library |
図書館(で) |
toshokan de |
_
Part 6 Where do you have lunch ?
If you want to make a question about a place, " doko de " is used.
examples
conversation |
Japanese |
pronunciation |
Where do you have lunch?
I have lunch at the office.
|
どこで昼食を食べますか。
会社で昼食を食べます。/会社です。
|
doko de chuushoku o tabe-masuka
kaisha de chuushoku o tabe-masu / kaisha desu
|
Where do you read books?
I read books at the library.
|
どこで本を読みますか。
図書館で本を読みます。/図書館です。
|
doko de hon o yom-imasuka
toshokan de hon o yom-imasu / toshokan desu
|
Note; As you have already learned, simply sying " ...desu " is very covenient, and sounds far more natural.
PATTERN (24)
どこで・・・か |
doko de< a " masu " type > ka |
_
Part 7 what and where
As we have learned, by using " nani o" and " doko de ",
we can make various questions. Let's practice by trying to make consecutive
questions.
examples
statement |
Japanese |
pronunciation |
What do you do ?
I watch a movie.
|
何をしますか。
映画を見ます。
|
nani o shimasuka
eiga o mi-masu
|
Where do you watch a movie ?
I watch one in Shibuya.
|
どこで映画を見ますか。
渋谷で映画を見ます。/渋谷です。
|
doko de eiga o mi-masuka
shibuya de eiga o mi-masu / shibuya desu
|
Note; As I have already noted, the present tense form in the Japanese language
includes the future tense.
_
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